MEMORIES OF A BYGONE ERA
 
It seems like only a few years ago that I applied for the position of Night Telecycle (motorcycle for those of you who are not familiar with Western Union terminology) Messenger at Jackson, MS, so that I could attend Hinds Jr. College, Raymond, MS. during the day.  In reality it was over a half century ago.  At that time the Jackson Western Union employed approximately 30 employees in the main office, a branch office with 2 or 3 employees, over a dozen messengers, plus a shop with several technicians.  I worked until 11PM; the office was open until 1AM.  Nearly every city in the United States had either an office or agency.
 
One of my first assignments was to pick up a telegram at 507 Millsaps. The call had been received over the messenger call box.  When I could not find a 500 block of Millsaps St; I went to Millsaps College, but no one had heard of a building or room number 507.  I called the office and Mr. Causey, the delivery manager said “Come on back; I have had someone else pick up the telegram”.  When I returned he told me to read the sign on our building – it read “Millsaps Bldg”.  He said “at least you were still in Jackson.  I once gave a messenger a telegram addressed Tugaloo St.; he called me from Tugaloo College in Tugaloo, MS. (approximately 15 miles).”
 
Western Union errand service was still big in those days and WU had a contract to distribute Tums. We would pick up a handful of Tums to distribute on each route.  When not on a trip, we stood on a street corner handing out samples. Messengers were even sent to the MS. State Fair to give out Tums – no shortage of volunteers as we got in free.  One assignment was to meet “The City of New Orleans” every night at 8PM.  Some business people wrote telegrams while on trains and sometimes a telegram was the only way their office could get in touch with them.  I think of this each time I hear the song “City of New Orleans”. We were told about several messengers getting on trains and ending up at the next stop.  They usually deadheaded back to Jackson. We had strict instructions to hand telegrams to the train master and never board a train and by the time I started we only had a telegram every couple of weeks.
 
While a messenger I made my first $100 paycheck during the telephone strike in 1954.  That took a lot of hours at $.85 per hour and I think I skipped some classes. 
 
And, of course, a few pranks.  One that stands out was taking a bike belonging to a new messenger and tying it to the large Western Union Sign on the front of the building.  Accomplished by climbing on top of building with the bike and lower it by rope. And tying the rope to something on top of the building  When the delivery manager sent the messenger out, he came back saying his bike was gone (he had parked it at back).  Several of us told him it was out front.  He looked twice and said it was not out there. Mr. Causey went out and immediately saw the bike.  He was not amused and said “if you boys have that kind of extra time again, I will know I have too many messengers assigned”.  And one pulled on me by Bill Rushing a few years later.  I was relieving a Manager and made a call on a customer.  Upon returning I mentioned to Bill that the lady operating the teletype was friendly and very good looking.  While Bill was at lunch the teletype came on and it was this lady asking for me.  We carried on a conversation via teletype and she suddenly typed that her boss was coming in and would get mad if he saw her using teletype for personal conversation and for me not to telephone her, she would be back in touch.  Bill returned from lunch and asked me if anything interesting happened while he was out.  I said, no.  Finally he pulled the teletype paper of the conversation out of his pocket – Bill had been on the teletype while the operator was at lunch. .
 
I once made the office quota of Santagrams by selling a book of telegrams to a local toy store.  Locally owned toy stores have gone the way of the telegraph office.
 
Remember setting the master clock each day and the calls we received each time the time changed because it was impossible for the plant technicians to change all clocks immediately when time changed to or from daylight saving time?  Now I have a clock and cell telephone that automatically keeps time and changes to and from daylight time.  Our time service once kept me from being taken to jail.  I was relieving the manager at Yazoo City, MS. and she told me I could use her parking space off an alley about a block away.  The first day I parked there, I ate dinner and went to a movie before going home.  One building extended to the edge of the alley leaving barely room for one car.  While in this area, a car stopped at the entrance to the alley and suddenly accelerated very fast.  I ran past the edge of this building and stepped behind it; afraid the car would hit me.  Suddenly a spot light hit me and a man yelled don’t move.  The policeman called me over to the car and asked which building I was planning to break into.  I tried to explain but he asked for my driver’s license; when he saw I was from out of town, asked what I was doing in Yazoo City and where I worked.  When I said Western Union, he said “Get in I happen to know there are only two women working there.  The policeman on the passenger said, ”Wait a minute; step around to this side of the car.  They he said “I stop by there every morning to check my watch. He is working there.”  He asked why my car was parked in that alley.  I explained the manager rented a place there and had told me I could use it while she was on maternity furlough.  They advised me not to ever walk through that alley at night again; to move my car if I was downtown after dark. The next day they came in the office and apologized for the rough treatment that I had received before they realized I had legitimate business in the alley and again cautioned me to never go in that alley after dark. Several times afterward, when the policeman came in to check his watch he would ask me what business I planned to break into that night.  I began to feel I had two friends on the police force.  Years later I was manager of an office where a policewoman would come in daily and walk behind counter to set her watch by the master clock.  Someone asked me if I did not know only employees were allowed behind counter.  I thought of this incident when I replied “Let’s let her check her watch”.  A lot of railroad employees made this a daily habit, also.
 
Each morning several barge companies in Greenville, Ms. received location reports on their barges via RX (rush) telegrams sent after midnight and usually delivered around 7:30AM.  One night about 9PM a finance company handed me over 100 local night letters.  I sent the telegrams, but as I was alone, and the office closed at 10PM I sent the New Orleans switching center a note asking them not to return the telegrams until the next day.  When I came in the next day, Ms. Trawick, manager asked why I had not called her.  I said They were night letters, so I did not think you would come down to assist me”  She said “Well I could have told you to leave the printer on so they could be returned during the night”.  They had been received before the RX barge reports and money orders.  She said by the time the barge reports arrived every barge company in Greenville had someone standing at counter.  At 65 words per minutes, it had taken nearly two hours for them to be received.   I had prided myself on having them sent by closing, but after hearing this I suddenly felt very foolish.  
 
In the 50’s there were no credit cards or ATM machines and cashing an out of town check was almost impossible.  Most traffic tickets had to be paid immediately when you were out of town, and most cities would not accept out of town checks, so Western Union was the only game in town.  I received a citation for an expired license plate when the police stopped behind me at a red light.  The police dept. wanted cash for the citation and I needed to purchase a new license plate to avoid a 2nd ticket.   I was a relief manager and knew someone in nearly every city.  I asked to call Western Union.  The police dept. explained how slow it would be to send a telegram and wait for a reply.  They suggested I call someone direct, give them amount of citation and ask them to send the exact amount payable to the police dept.  Instead I insisted on making the call to the local Western Union office.  They did not hear my conversation asking an employee if he would loan me the money and send it to the police dept. When I hung up, I received another talk on how long it would be and that if not there within four hours I could be locked up and was the check to be payable to police dept.  I said I understand it will be cash and should be here within 15 minutes.  They just grinned at each other.  A few minutes later a messenger arrived with the cash in a Western Union envelope.  As I left, I heard one of them remark “we have got to tell everyone how fast Western Union has become”.  I purchased a new license plate went by and gave the employee a check for the loan and reported to my next assignment.  (They must have told Joe Merritt, another relief manager; he sent a telegram when stopped for speeding in a small town in GA and spent the night in jail after sending a telegram asking for the money.)  They accepted an out of town check for a new tag.
 
We never had to ask the address of the office to which we were reporting.  If we did not see a directional sign nearly anyone would know the location of the Western Union office.  I once received a letter from a friend I had been in service with addressed C/O Western Union main office, MS. It was delivered to the Jackson office and they forwarded to me.
 
We had an extension of the hotel phones at some offices.  As the switchboards were manual at that time it saved both WU and the hotel time in phoning telegrams to and from guests as well as calling reservation telegrams and room charges to the hotel.
 
Some operators had to work late at a press assignment after a ball game in Clearwater, FL.  As all reporters were gone and someone thought the stadium was empty, and locked the door.  The telephones were answered by a switchboard which was closed and the area  where the pay telephones were located were locked.  Their only communication was with one of the newspapers they had been sending too.  They asked them to telephone the Clearwater police dept.  The police first thought it was a joke when someone hundreds of miles away told them about someone being locked in a stadium in Clearwater, but they did get someone to let them out.
 
I walked into the office in Hollywood, FL. one night and asked what time to report the next day.  I was told to open at 6AM, first messenger reports at 7AM,  several report at 8AM – here is a map; if any difficulty, the messengers know the town.  When I went back to my car a policeman was sitting in the car with my wife.  He had seen a stranger enter and walk behind the counter, thinking a robbery was in process he was waiting in what he thought was the get away car.  He was very alert and a month later did capture a robber in our office before a gun was pulled. We had not known we were about to be robbed.  He could only charge him with carrying a concealed weapon, but the policeman was afraid someone would be hurt if he allowed the gun to be drawn.  He was suspicious due to a raincoat worn on a sunny day and had been following the man. .
 
I locked myself out of the office in Mt. Dora, FL.    I took a window out to get in.  The window was very dirty so I washed it prior to putting it back and swept a bunch of leaves from the sidewalk.  I brought a chair out to stand on while putting the window back.  Just as I got the window back in the phone rang and I went in to answer, leaving the chair underneath window.  The district superintendent, Mr. Osborne came in as I hung up the telephone.  The first thing he wanted to know was why the chair was on sidewalk.  I left out the part about locking myself out and just told him how dirty it was and that I was cleaning.  He walked outside and said “Good job, this is first time I have not seen a pile of leaves on this sidewalk.  I hope you can do as good a job on the inside.
 
I even received my draft notice by telegram.  My Mother had gone to the Western Union office in Cleveland, MS. to find the mailing address of the city where I was working to forward the notice; but the employee there just wired the notice.  I must have looked strange while gumming the message down as someone came up and looked over my shoulder and announced he is gumming down his draft notice.
 
Planes were grounded the day I was discharged from the army so I was returning home by train. The train was delayed in Knoxville because of the heavy snow.  I spent about 12 hours between the depot and the Southern Railroad Café.  I saw the WU phone in the depot and sent a Telegram to R.L. Berryhill, my former district manager informing him I was ready to return to work.  He had been transferred to Atlanta and the telegram was forwarded there.  He gave the telegram to Mr. Helms.  Mr. Durbin, Dist Mgr of East TN. & KY.  was in Atlanta and had  requested an additional relief manager.  Mr. Helms saw the telegram was from Knoxville, handed it to Mr. Durbin and said look up his address and advise him when to report.  I was surprised to receive a telegram from someone I did not know asking me to report to a different area, but I came to TN. When anyone asks why I moved to East Tn. I tell them I got stranded in a snow storm.  
 
Installer, Dave Chowning was on top of carrier equipment working when my daughter (about 2) came into the lobby.  She yelled very loudly “Daddy, look a monkey” and pointed at Dave.  I was embarrassed, but Dave came down, picked her up and said “Do, I really look like a monkey” handed her some candy and they became instant friends.    
 
My first wife and I were going to a Union Convention in San Francisco and not planning to take the children.   The night before we left, I found my youngest daughter hid behind a door setting on an overnight case crying and saying “Mommy and Daddy don’t love me. I am going to run away and live with Papa”.  Of course she went with us and was the only child at the last Southern Division Convention.  Her view of San Francisco was riding on different delegates shoulders.  My watch was an hour slow because of various time zones and the picture was taken before I arrived at the first meeting.  My seat was near the front and my name plainly showed in the picture in front of empty chair.  I don’t think anyone believed me when I said the photographer did not show up and I volunteered to take the picture.
 
Mr. Durbin, District Manager once telegraphed all 26 of his offices asking if anyone knew where I was.  I had finished an agency assignment in Northern Ky. and had called him asking where to report the next day.  He said I need you in Harlan, Ky. Monday, I will tell you tomorrow where to report for rest of this week.  I said I will head home. As it was mid afternoon and would take several hours to drive home, he thought I was referring to a hotel.  Instead I drove back to Knoxville, where my mobile home was parked.   I did not have a telephone and kept calling the Knoxville office to see if he had sent me a telegram.  They finally said just go back home and we promise to send a messenger out if you get a telegram from Mr. Durbin.  When I was not registered at any nearby hotel, he sent a telegram to all of his district offices looking for me – Knoxville was a divisional city, so he did not send one there.   For the next year every time I walked into an office the first thing said was “Has Mr. Durbin found you yet?”
 
The FBI once stayed in Bristol, TN. until we closed and at after hour agency until Midnight for 3 days because we had a money order for someone on the most wanted list.  A few days after that, I received a phone call from one of the agents saying “We found the man where we thought he was, but we had let him believe we thought he was in Bristol.  He did not know we knew his Mother was the one who called in the tip to throw us off track after wiring the money.”  We had thought it strange that they had made it obvious who they were by having a car with government license plates in front of office.  
 
When we began selling Santagrams the first year I was in Bristol someone told me that Bob Olson had once sold a Santagram to be sent to a dog.  Now that was a sale.
 
The mayor of Bristol called me one morning asking “Why did someone in a Western Union truck break into the city dump last night.  One of our employees had taken some trash there late in the evening.   Previously it had been left open, but the city had recently began putting a locked chain across the entrance at 5PM.  The employee did not see the chain and had pulled the anchors loose.  Our technicians repaired the damage; the mayor was happy and no one in Western Union management knew of the incident.  Of course they may now find out about it.
 
During the time Mrs. Kline closed the office in Bristol, we did not have to worry about a police escort to the night deposit.  Her husband, the chief of police was her escort. .
 
Western Union
put a rate increase into effect prior to approval.  Bristol had some agents in NC.  The intrastate rate increase was not approved and checks were mailed for the refund.  Several were only for $.05-.10 and most of these were never cashed.
 
A telegraph line went dead in Southwest VA.  The technician reported the cable had been removed.  Ray “Sunshine” Carlson was asked to find out if anyone saw who had stolen the line.  Several people had seen some people in a Western Union truck remove the line.  It turned out the line-gang had removed a line that was still in use.  Another time someone stole several miles of copper line owned by the railroad during a storm with heavy lightning.  The railroad said maybe we should hire whoever stole the wire as none of their employees would have handled copper in that lightning.
 
I handled a grievance when President of local 25 for two ladies in Asheville, NC., who were sent home because they wore pants-suits to work  This was possibly the easiest grievance the union ever won.  Then I was told by another employee that she had been refused entrace to a nice restaurant recently because she had a pants-suit on.  Now even Hillary Clinton and Sarah Palin could wear pants-suits while campaigning.
 
I received numerous telephone calls at night because newspaper copy had not been delivered by the midnight deadline.  Usually I could call the switching center and had I sent to the agency immediately, but once when I called, I was told that the articles had been found, our after hour agent called me saying they had been received and a cab has been sent to the newspaper office.  The next morning the reporter came to the office with the articles saying these were delivered this morning and placed on my desk.  Two classified ads for the Sunday’s paper had been delivered – the newspaper copy had not been received until that morning.   The same reporter covered one of Mohammed Ali fights.  (The copy was received without incident).  He told me someone else had written his story.   He went to the restroom at the beginning of fight and on his return it was all over.  Wonder if any of our employees sending the copy happened to blink their eye and miss that fight?     
 
I usually rode a motorcycle to work while manager of the office at Bristol, TN.   Once I made an unexpected call on a customer and used the motorcycle for transportation.  When I returned Mr. Majure, Dist. Mgr. was there.  Mr. Majure said “Western Union Managers do not make calls on motorcycles, motorcycles are for messengers.”  Mr. Majure if you are reading this – that was the only time I ever made a call on customer on a motorcycle.  
 
As district service representative I trained many TELEX and TWX customers in the use of info master.  Amazing how similar info master was to the present day internet.
 
How many of you remember reading telegrams to Railroad agents over the old railroad phones.  How did these ever get delivered accurately?
A few sad memories:

Receiving many telegrams from the military saying “We regret to inform you, etc”   One morning we received a telegram reporting the death of a serviceman.  We were unable to locate the addressee.  I called a cab company and asked them if they thought they could find the address on a rural route and if necessary explain to the post office what it was and ask for the location of the Rural Route. The driver returned with a signature in just a few minutes.  I asked how he found them so fast.  He replied, “I went to funeral home, thinking they could give me directions to the home and the family was there.”  The article about their son being killed in a motorcycle accident while home on leave was in this morning paper.
 
A friend, Billy Oaks, was killed in the robbery of the Western Union at Newport.  A few years later I paid a money order was told I had just waited on his killer, who had been released on parole. I was glad I had not known that when I waited on him.
 
I watched a friend in service receive a message from the Red Cross addressed to our commanding officer, asking him to tell my friend his mother had died.

Some memories of the last years I worked:

Nearly all offices were closed during the final years I worked.  A relief manager, Jim Owens went to a small town after an agency had quit without notice.  He had no place to work, but several people who either had received money or wished to send or receive money found him.  He called me several times; I took the information sent the money and he mailed his personal check to cover.  He had a book of drafts with him.  
 
Brooks Brinkley, manager of Johnson City, TN. and President of Local 25  had said when they started the closures:  Some people will not send a telegram if an office is next door, others are determined to send a telegram, no matter how hard it is.  At a union meeting he   announced that Western Union had agreed to notify the union in advance when they filed an application to close an office.  He looked at me and said “Ben, this means you will get a notice 15 days notice in advance of your FFR when they close Bristol”  We all laughed as Bristol at that time had 5 employees and 3 Technicians . 
 
At his retirement he said “I thought things would get better when:
 
·         Morse was replaced with 2B printers.
·         We got telecycle or Automobile messengers to replace bicycles
·         We got fax and tielines to replace delivering & telephoning telegrams.
·         We got preforated tape to replace 2B’s for sending.
·         We got page printers to replace 2B’s for receiving.

Guess what?   Here I am at retirement and
 
IT AINT GOT NO BETTER HOW RIGHT HE WAS
 
I was in an agency office and the agent was complaining about someone wanting several telegrams delivered to some type of convention.  I said, “I am leaving town in a few minutes, where do they go and I will be happy to drop them off.”   He said “that building and pointed to building across street in next block.”  I walked across the street and delivered the telegrams for him.
 
I could no longer show a film and make a presentation at a school, as I and the former manager had done each year in the past.  I was told the film was out of date and a new one would be furnished.  I finally ordered the new one last month after reading about it in the RWUEA newsletter. .
 
A technician stayed in a motel 15 miles from Bristol because of a no-overtime policy.   The person who told him to stay said he could approve hotel and meal expenses, but not
 the thirty minutes overtime.
 
I was told to use a cab to take a telegram next door to our office rather than pay a messenger five minutes overtime. Of course the cab was more expensive and took longer.
 
We once had a desk drawer full of duplicate payments on money because the original had been delayed and the money orders had been paid from duplicate – When the original was received it was also paid.  Most of these were to agency locations and few were ever collected.  
 
WU turned down a telegram-plus book at Bristol – revenue would have exceeded $250,000.  They did not want the liability for an over-the-counter medication that was to be delivered with the telegram.  The salesman was really upset and lost a lot of his enthusiasm.
 
The cashier at Bristol, Tn. was laid off, and had to bump to a city 150 miles from home to work long enough to be eligible for pension – but different relief managers were brought in to do her job.  Her last day was a Friday and a relief manager was there Monday to assume the duties . 
 
Nashville
November, 1976.  Western Union was paying for my meals and motel; everyone in the office was assigned 9 hours per day.  Several people were laid off and assigned comparable jobs.  This consisted of reporting to the office, clocking in, and sitting in a rocking chair while they read and talked.  They would have much preferred working – and this really looked efficient to customers standing at counter when we could not wait on them immediately.
 
Several locals merged, but the combined membership was less than the membership had been only a few years earlier at the smallest local.
 
Does anyone else still remember the signs reading “Western Union everywhere” and all those stickers on printers reading “Accuracy First?”
 
And no story would be complete without a few tales by “old timers.”  They were younger then than I am now when they told them to me.
 
Mr. Brown and Mr. Wilsford worked almost non-stop for three days after a tornado in Vicksburg, MS.  They were the only Morse operators available and the only public communication out of the city was via morse.  We certainly had a lot of dedicated employees.  I had heard that Western Union service was usually restored much faster than Telephone service after an emergency.  I read a story a few years ago (I think in Readers Digest) that confirmed this and told of dedicated WU employees in a flood. .
 
P. J. Pemberton’s told about sending press by morse code from the Scopes Monkey trial in Dayton, TN.  They were sending from upstairs late at night.  Someone thought everyone was gone and locked the door.  He and another operator found something the could tie to a table and climbed out a window.
 
I worked with former Postal Telegraph Co. employees.  One of them told me that Postal  had telephone service between some major cities, but that it was limited to large business customers.  Can anyone verify this?
 
And the best one:
 
Pete Wilsford, manager at Vicksburg, MS. had been Delivery Supervisor at Nashville, TN. during WWI.  He said that the streets were slick with ice and snow and the messengers found their bikes almost unusable.  He had been reading a Western novel the previous night and it had stated how sure-footed mules were.  There was a livery stable in Nashville at this time and he rented some mules for the messengers to use.  A telegram was received for a Calvary Unit and a messenger delivered it on his mule.  He tied the mule beside the army mules while he went inside to deliver the telegram.  The messenger stayed in building a few minutes to get warm; walked back to where he had tied the mule only to find the mule missing.  He reported it stolen to the army authorities.   At the time they were shipping to France.  A subsequent investigation showed that they had shipped one mule too many to France, they decided this was the one WU had reported missing  and sent instructions to return it to the United States.  A reply was received which stated a mule had been killed that did not have the army brand.  WU had to pay the livery stable for the Mule.  Mr. Wilsford said he felt he was the only WU employee to be responsible for having a mule killed in combat.
 
I think the most unusual telegram I ever received said “You are the proud parent of a 23 Lb. baby”, the 23 was confirmed.  When I questioned, I said I know it is confirmed, but obviously incorrect.  The reply said “yes I questioned it too, the baby was
adopted.”

 WE NEVER FORGET
 
When I left Western Union in 1976 I began working as a salesman for InstaCom.  I felt disloyal when I first began telling selling InstaCom money and permit service’s as superior to Western Union’s.  When with Texas International Permit System (a part of InstaCom) I would think of the old day’s each month when I approved the bill for Telex and TWX service. Western Union Permit Service invited everyone at a convention to tour their permit facility, but would not let me go because I worked for a competitor.  When a Western Union salesman called on InstaCom he was not only allowed a tour of our operations, but was offered a position which he accepted. .
 
I was at the West Virginia Highway Dept. when the InstaCom employee was off.  Each permit transmitting firm had a cubicle. Western Union had a relief manager assigned; we were talking about old times when the InstaCom telephone rang.  I picked it up and started to say “Western Union”, realized what I was doing and it came out as Western InstaCom.  It was my boss and he just remarked “You are in the East. I’m in Texas, that’s the West.”.  He thought I had started to say West Virginia InstaCom.
 
After leaving InstaCom I worked with Jim Edwards, another former WU employee at D&W Sales.  One afternoon we were talking about Western Union; the D&W telephone rang and he answered it “Western Union”.   He had not worked for Western Union in over ten years.
.
I have read that newspaper employees have printers ink in their veins, so maybe we have telegrams in our brains.
 
I visited the Smithsonian in Washington, DC. And saw several things that I remembered using – call boxes, sports tickers, etc.  It is hard to believe that they are now used only for display in museums.
 
I recently read an article that stated FAX was not available in the United States until the early 70”s.  It made me wonder what all those things were that we called Desk Fax.  The first one I saw was in 1954, but they had been in use for years.  If fax was not being used in the 60’s, why did the weather bureau call me so often in the middle of the night saying the weather fax was down?  Maybe I should have told them Fax would not be available for ten years and went back to sleep.
 
I worked in Texas for years, upon returning to Knoxville I went downtown.  I parked in the parking lot next door to the old Western Union office.  When I got out I mentioned to the attendant that I once worked for Western Union there and it did not look like the same building,.  He said it is not, we purchased the building and you are parked where the Western Union was located.  You are looking at the building that adjoined Western Union.  Another page of history gone.

In spite of the job eliminations, transfers, wondering each day what would happen the next, seeing my WU stock decline from $70.00 to $8.50 and other problems in the final few years I enjoyed my time with Western Union.  The good times certainly outweighed the bad.
 
It is nice to get together with old friends and co-workers at the WUREA meeting – and how many people still have a company Christmas Party years after the company is gone.

Where else could I have worked and been able to spend several winters in Fl., see Goldwater, Nixon, Johnson, Wallace and several candidates for other offices up close and set in the press box at NASCAR races and football games..  I fell as if I have been able to see a small part of history.
 
One press assignment was under a funeral tent, one in a cow pasture and one in a room assigned to the secret service at a motel.   A hippie type in cutoff jeans I had seen hanging around walked into the secret service room laid his weapon on a table and said “well its someone else’s turn”.  I would never have suspected he was secret service.  I still have a letter one Congressman wrote thanking me for handling his press releases.
 
 I was in Key West when Castro took over Cuba and saw the first Cuban refugees.  I met one man who ended up sweeping streets.  I was at Fort Chaffee when refugees arrived from Saigon.  I met one man who had owned several ships in South Vietnam.  He felt lucky that they were all safely in Hong Kong, until he was unable to arrange loads and they were sold to pay wages and dock fees . 
 
After being self-employed for 10 years I applied for a position that required a background check and references from former employees.  Western Union, InstaCom, D&W and CCIS were all gone. They finally agreed to accept references from a former officer with InstaCom, a co-worker at CCIS and a couple of references from friends who could confirm I had been in business for myself.  It was awkward to have no references because the firms for whom I had worked for 40 years had disappeared into history.
 
I thought the job I held until recently would last until I was ready to retire again as the government requires cars to have air bags  We made inflators for air bags, which I tested, but most of the production moved to China.  When jobs are transferred outside the U.S. we are eligible for training or school during which time you draw unemployment.  I hope to finally finish college.  To bad I can’t find a night job delivering telegrams this time .
 
Ben Bowlen
1909 Worth St
Knoxville, TN. 37917
(865) 524-5561
Bowlenben@msn.com


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